Investigationis progressus in non-isocyanate polyurethani
Cum in introductio in MCMXXXVII, Polyurethane (Pu) Materials invenerunt extensive applications trans variis sectors inter transportation, constructione, petrochemicals, textiles, mechanica et electrica engineering, aerospace, mechanica et electrica ipsum, aerospace, mechanica et electrica ipsum, aerospace, mechanica et electrica, aerospace, et culturam. Hi materiae sunt assuetudo in formas ut spumam plastics, fibris, elastomers, waterproofing agentibus, synthetica corium, coatings, adhesives, perspicua materiae et medicinae commeatus. Traditional Pu est praesertim synthesized ex duobus vel isocularates una cum Macromolecular polyols et parva mocecular torquem extenders. Tamen inhaerens toxicity isocyanates ponit significant metus ad humana salutem et environment; Praeterea, typice ex phosgene-a valde toxicus precursor, et correspondentes Amine rudis materiae.
In lumen ex aetatis eget industria studium viridi et sustineri progressionem exercitia, investigatores sunt magis focused in substituendo isocyanates cum environmentally amica resourcyanate polyurethanes (nipu). Hoc charta introducit praeparationem semitis pro nipu dum recensendis progressiones in variis genera NIPUS et discussing in futurum prospiciunt providere ad referat ad ulteriorem investigationem.
I synthesis non-isocyanate polyurethani
Primum synthesim humilis molecular pondere carbamate componit usura Monocyclic carbonates combined cum Aliphatic Diamines occurrit foris in 1950s-notas autem pivotal momento ad non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis. Currently ibi est duo prima methodologies pro producendo nipu: primum involvit stepwise etiam reactiones inter binarii cyclic carbonates et binarii Amines; Secunda entails Polycondensation reactiones involving Diurethane intermedia latere Diols qui facilitate structural commutationibus in carbamates. Diaarboxylo intermedia potest adeptus per vel cyclic carbonate vel Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) itineribus; Denique omnes modi agere per carbonic acidum coetibus pomiferum cedens carbamate functionalities.
Sequuntur sectiones elaborare in tres distincta accedit ad synthesizing polyurethane sine usu isocyanate.
1.1Binary Cyclic Carbonate Route
Nipu potest esse synthesized per stepwise additiones involving binarii cyclic carbonate copulata cum binarii Amine ut illustratur in Figura I.
Ob plures hydroxyl coetus praesens intra repetentem unitates per suam pelagus catenam structuram hoc modo plerumque cedit quod dicitur Polyβ-hydroxyl Polyurethane (Phu). Leitsch et al., Developed a series Polyether PHUS usus cyclic carbonate-terminabitur Polyethorum latere binarii binarii Plus parva moleculis ex binarii modi carbonates, comparet haec contra traditional modi adhibetur ad parat Pure. Inventiones eorum indicavit quod hydroxyl coetibus intra PHUS libenter formare hydrogenii vincula cum NITROGENIUM / Oxygeni Atoms sita in mollis / duris segments; Variationes in mollis segmentis et influere hydrogenii biving mores tum microphase separationem gradus, quae deinde afficiunt altiore perficientur characteres.
Typically conducted below temperatures exceeding 100 °C this route generates no by-products during reaction processes making it relatively insensitive toward moisture whilst yielding stable products devoid of volatility concerns however necessitating organic solvents characterized by strong polarity such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), etc.. Additionally extended reaction times ranging anywhere Inter dies unum usque ad quinque dies saepe cedere inferioribus mocecular weights frequenter procidens brevi sub limina circa 30K g / molem magnam et excelsum costs PHATIONS PHATIFING PROFUGUS FORMA Constructing Formulas Forma Figura Forma etc ..
1.2monocylic carbonate itinere
Monocylic carbonate Reacts directe cum diamine inde dicarbamate possidentium hydroxyl finem-coetibus, quae tunc patitur specialized trassester / Polycondensation interactiones latere Diols ultimately generating in nipu structurally akin II.
Communiter administrato Monocyllic variants includit ethylene & propylene carbonated subiecta in quo Zhao JingBo scriptor quadrigis ad Beijing University of eget technology versantur diverse diaminas reagens contra dictas initio ante procedens variatur condensationem dicarbamate intermediarii ante procedens variatur condensationem augmenta utilizing vel PolytemTrahhydrofurediol / Polyether-Diols Culminating Prosperitatis Formation respective Product Designing Exhibensing Infigo Thermal / mechanica proprietatibus ad proximi Circum Points Circlet Tensura Poaking1aty1476 ° F. Wang et al. Similiter Leveraged combinations complectentes DMC paribus respective w / hexamethylenediamin / Cyclocarbonated precursors synthesized hydroxy-terminabitur Derivatibus postea subiecta biobasing dibasic acida sicut oxalic / sebacic / acida outputs showcasing-TerePefting final outputs showcasing ranges encompassing13k~28k g/mol tensile strengths fluctuating9~17 MPa elongations varying35%~235%.
Cyclocarbonic esters res efficaciter non requiring catalysts sub typical conditionibus maintaining temperatus palmis roughly80 ° To110 ° C ° F posteriora Transtentterifications usually uti organotin, secundum catalytic systems ensuring optimal processus non excedens200 °. Sola STADENSATIO nisus targeting DiOLDUS INQUISITOR SECREFATING POLYMERIZATION / DeglcoCOLYSIS PHATOMENA faciliting Generatio desideravit eventus eventus reddit methhanol inhaerens Eco-amica predominantly cedens Methanol / parva-DiOLICINIUS deinceps.
1.3Dimethyl carbonate itinere
Dmc represents est ecologically sonus / non-toxicus alternative featuring numerosis activae eget moetties inclusive methyl / methtofy significantly enabling initials whereby Minores Methyly, carbamate terminabitur intermediaries secutus Minores conflanda, condensing actiones incorporat additional Parvus-torquem, Fundo-Diolics / maius-polyol constituit ducens eventual emergentiæ quaesitum, post Polymer structuris visualized secundum figure3.
Deepa et.al capitalized super preferioned dynamics leveraging sodium Metxide Catalysis orchestrates diverse medium formations deinde inducere targeted extensiones culminating seriem equivalent durum-segmentis compositiones advenientibus Molecular pondera approximating (III ~ XX C) CXX ° C). Pan Dongdong Selected Strategic Paperings constans DMC Hexamethylene, Diainopolycarbonate, Polyalcohols sciendum est notabile eventus manifestat exturbandam vires metrics oscillating10%. Investigativus Pursuits circumflex differens torquem, extendens influxu revelata Preferences ad aligning Butanedool / Hexanedool Selections cum nuclei-numerus paravit compositos integrando promovens iussit Crystallination Enhancements in Orness Crys Ordinatis Crystallinensis paravit composita in chains iussit Crystallination Enhancements in integrating Demota Satisfactum Mechanica Demonstrat Post-processus at230 ℃ .Additional Explorations intendebant inde non-isocyante, polyureas leveraging diazomonomer proelio praeventus potential pingere applications emusca comparative commoda per Vinyl-carbonaceous counterparts highlighting sumptus-efficaciam de mole-fontes aeverseomy.due necessitate elevatum, temperatus / vacuo environments negating solvendo requisitis ita obscuratis vastum fluminum predominantly limited solum methanol / paradigmae-Dololi effluvent constituentes viridius syntheses paradigmos altiore.
II diversis mollis segments non-isocyanate polyurethane
Polyether Polyurethane 2.1
Polyether Polyurethane (PEU) est late propter eius humilis cohaesionem industria de aut in vincula in mollis segmentis repetere unitates, facile gyrationis, optimum humilis temperatus flexibilitate et hydrolysis resistentia.
Kebir et al. Polyetheri Polyetheri Polyurethane cum DMC, Polyethylene Glycol et Butanedool sicut rudis materiae, sed in Molecular pondus erat humilis (VII D ~ XIV 800g / Mol), TG erat et alii Indicatores sunt difficile ad necessitates et aliisque usu et aliis. Zhao JingBo scriptor Research Group usus ethylene carbonate, I, VI-hexanediamine et polyethylene glycol ad synthesize peu, quae habet molecular pondus XXXI ~ 38mn et elongationem 0.9% ~ I CCCLXXXVIII%. Molecular pondus in synthesized seriem Aromatici Polyurethanis est XVII CCC ~ XXI 000g / Mol, in TG est -19 ~ X ℃, in liquescens punctum est CII ~ CX ℃, quod est LXIX% LXXXIX
Et investigationis coetus de Zheng Liuchun et Li Chuncheng paravit in medium I, VI-hexamethylenediamine (BHC) cum Dimethyl et I, VI-hexamethylenediamine et polytetrahadrofurediols et polytetrahydrofurediols (mn II 000). A series Polyether Polyurethanis (nipeu) cum non-isocyanate iter parati sunt, et crosslinking forsit de intermediis per reactionem solvitur. Et structuram et proprietatibus traditional polyether Polyurethane (HDIPU) paratus a Nipeu et I, VI-hexamethylene Diisocyanate comparari, ut ostensum est in mensa I.
| Sample | Difficile segmentum missa fraction /% | M. pondus / (G·Mol ^ (- I)): | M. pondus distribution index | Tensile fortitudo / MPA | Elongatio ad confractus /% |
| Nipeu30 | 30 | (LXXIV) | 1.9 | 12,5 | MCCL |
| Nipeu40 | 40 | (LXVI) | 2.2 | 8,0 | DL |
| HDIPU30 | 30 | (XLVI) | 1.9 | 31.3 | MCDXL |
| Hdipu40 | 40 | (LIV) | 2.0 | 25.8 | MCCCLX |
I mensa
Eventus in mensa I ostendere quod structural differentias inter nipeu et HDIPU sunt maxime ex duris segmentis. Urea coetus generatae latus reactionem nipedded in duris mocecular torquem, solveret duris forma iussit hydrogenium vincula, unde infirma hydrogenibus in duris Segmentum duris Segmentum et humilis crystallinas in duris, unde in infirma et humilis crystallinarum duris, unde infirma et humilis crystallinarum durau. Qua de causa, eius mechanica proprietates sunt multo peius quam HDIPU.
2.2 polyester Polyurethane
Polyester Polyurethane (Petu) cum Polyester Diols ut mollis segments habet bonum biodegradability, biocompatibility et mechanica proprietatibus, et potest esse parare TEXTUS ipsum, quod est a biomedical cum magna application spes. Polyester Diols vulgo in mollis segmentis sunt polybutylene adipate Diol, Polyglycol adipate Diol et Polycaprolactone Diol.
Earlier, Rokicki et al. Castrum ethylene carbonate cum diamine et diversis Diols (I, VI, Hexanedool, I, X-N-Dodecanol) adipisci diversis nipu, sed synthesized habuit inferioris Molecular pondere et inferioris TG. Farhadian et al. prepared polycyclic carbonate using sunflower seed oil as raw material, then mixed with bio-based polyamines, coated on a plate, and cured at 90 ℃ for 24 h to obtain thermosetting polyester polyurethane film, which showed good thermal stability. Et investigationis coetus de Zhang liquescitur a meridie Sina University of technicae synthesized a series diamines et cyclic carbonates et condensatione cum bioetafasic dibasic acidum obtinere biobased polyestethane. Zhu Jin scriptor Research Group ad Ningbo Institute of Materials Research, Seres Academy of Sciences paravit Diaminodiol Difficile Segmentum per Hexadiamine et Vinyl carbonate, et Polyycondensation cum Polyester Polyurethane, quod potest esse ut pingunt Polyetholet, quod potest esse ut pingunt Polyetholet, quod potest esse quod pingunt Polyetholet, quod potest esse ut pingunt Polyetholet, quod potest esse quod pingunt Polyetholet, quod potest esse ut pingunt Polyetholet, quod potest esse ut pingere, postquam ultraviolet curing [XXIII]. Et Research Group of Zheng Liuchun et Li Chuncheng usus adipica acid et quattuor aliphatic Diols (Butanedool, Hexadiol, Octanedool et Decaledool) cum diversis carbon nuclei numero parare correspondentes Polyester Diols ut mollis segmentis; A coetus non-isocyanate polyester polyurethane (petu), nomine post numerum carbonis atomorum aliphaticorum, cum adeptus est ad liquescens Polycondensation cum Hydroxy-Significatur Difficile Segmentum Prepolymer paratus a BHC et Diols. In Mechanica proprietatibus in Petru ostensum est in mensa II.
| Sample | Tensile fortitudo / MPA | Elastica modulus/ MPA | Elongatio ad confractus /% |
| Petu4 | 6,9±1.0 | 36±8 | DCLXXIII±35 |
| Petu6 | 10,1±1.0 | 55±4 | DLXVIII±32 |
| Petu8 | 9,0±0,8 | 47±4 | DLI±25 |
| Petu10 | 8,8±0.1 | 52±5 | CXXXVII±23 |
Table II
Eventus ostendere quod mollis segmentum de petu4 habet summum carbonyl densitas, fortissimum hydrogenii vinculum cum duris segmentis et infima phase separationem gradus. Et crystallization et mollis et duris segmentis limitatur, showing low liquescens punctum et tensile vires, sed summa elongatio ad confractus.
Polycarbonate polyurethane 2.3
Polycarbonate polyurethane (PCU), praesertim aliphatic PCU, habet optimum hydrolysis resistentia, oxidatio resistentia, bonum biologicum stabilitatem et biocompatibine, et habet bonum application in agro Biomedicine. In praesenti, maxime paratum Nipu utitur polyether polyols polyollas ut mollis segments et sunt pauci investigationis tradit in polyycarbonate polyurethane.
In non-isocyanate polyycarbonate Polyureurethane paratus ab Tian Hengshui scriptor Research Group ad meridianam Sina University of Technology habet molecular pondus plus quam L 000 g / mol. Influence of reactionem conditiones in Molecular pondus Polymer est studied, sed ejus mechanica proprietatibus non relatum. Zheng Liuchun et Li Chuncheng scriptor Research Group paratus PCU usura DMC, Hexanediamine, Hexadiol et Polycarbonate Diols, et nomine PCU secundum ad Missam fraction de dura Segmentum repetit unitas. Mechanica proprietates sunt in mensa III.
| Sample | Tensile fortitudo / MPA | Elastica modulus/ MPA | Elongatio ad confractus /% |
| PCu18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | DCLXV±24 |
| Pcu33 | 19±1 | CVII±9 | DCLVI±33 |
| Pu46 | 21±1 | CL±16 | CDVII±23 |
| Pu57 | 22±2 | CCX±17 | CCLXII±27 |
| Pcu67 | 27±2 | CD±13 | 63±5 |
| PCu82 | 29±1 | DXVIII±34 | 26±5 |
III mensam
Eventus ostendere quod PCU est princeps M. pondus, usque ad VI × CIV ~ IX × 104g / Mol, liquescens usque ad CXXXVII ℃, et tensile ad XXIX MPA. Hoc genus PCU potest esse vel ut a rigidum plastic vel in Elastomer, quae habet bonum applicationem prospect in biomedical agri (ut humana TEXTUS Engineering scaffolds vel Cardiovascular Implantare Material).
2.4 Hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane
Hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane (Hybrid nipu) est introductio epoxy resinae, acrylate, silica et siloxane coetus in polyurethane Molecular compage ad formare interpenetrating network et amplio diversis munera.
Feng Yuelan et al. REAGNED BIO-fundatur epoxy soybean oleum cum CO2 ad synthesize Pentamonic cyclic carbonate (CSBO), et introduced Bisphenol a Diglycidyl Aether (epoxy resinae ad meliorem et magis rigidum a CSBO solidified in Amine. Molecular torquem continet diu flexibile torquem segmentum Oleic Acidum / Linoleic Acidum. Etiam continet magis rigidum torquem segments, ita quod habet altum mechanica vires et excelsum lenta. Some researchers also synthesized three kinds of NIPU prepolymers with furan end groups through the rate-opening reaction of diethylene glycol bicyclic carbonate and diamine, and then reacted with unsaturated polyester to prepare a soft polyurethane with self-healing function, and successfully realized the high self-healing efficiency of soft NIPU. Hybrid nipu non solum habet rationem generalis nipu, sed etiam potest habere melius adhaesionem, acidum et alcali corrosio resistentia, solvendo resistentia et mechanica vires.
III Outlook
Nipu est paratus sine usu toxicus isocyanate, et est currently esse studied in forma spumam, coating, tenaces, elastomer et aliis products, et amplis application spes. Tamen maxime eorum sunt tamen limited ad officinarum investigationis, et non est magna-scale productio. In addition, cum emendationem populi viventem signa et continua incrementum de demanda, nipu cum una function vel multiplex munera facta est momenti investigationis directionem, ut antibacterial, auto-reparatione, figura et sic in. Ideo in futurum investigationis capere quam ad conteram per clavem problems of industrialem et permanere explorare directionem parabat eget nipu.
Post tempus: Aug-29-2024